Many of the current trends of education reform in America
are attempting to improve the quality of our public schools by applying various
management strategies used in the business world. However, the supposed lessons of business
being heralded as education reform don’t often enough look like the strategies
being seen in business-to-business advice about managing systems and working
effectively with people.
One person’s principles that the business world holds in
high regard is that of Edwards Deming. Deming is best known for his 14 points of quality management. Deming and his principles were instrumental
in working to improve the quality of Japanese manufacturing after World War 2. As companies in the United States began to
see the improved quality of Japanese products, they too adopted Deming’s
principles.
However, for some reason, the Deming strategies of quality
that businesses utilize are all but ignored when trying to improve education in
America.
For example, consider Deming’s third point of quality,
“Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for
massive inspection by building quality into the product in the first place”. In the United States current education reform
initiatives seem to be totally ignoring that Deming principle by our reliance
of depending on inspection with standardized testing.
What are some examples of changes we could do to “build
quality” into education? We could revamp
the way teachers are trained. We could
utilize the intern model used by the medical profession by having
quality internships for new teachers.
Instead, in most cases new teachers are given the most difficult
teaching assignments and expected to perform alone. Doing so would also be honoring Deming’s
sixth point; “Institute training on the job”.
We could “build quality” by questioning the idea of one teacher per classroom. We could “build quality” by redesigning the
school year calendar and replacing it with a calendar that recognizes the quality benefits of time for
teachers to plan and evaluate student work.
We could “build quality” by developing 21st century techniques of education that aren’t
built on a foundation of a standardized curriculum developed by 10 elite men inthe 1890’s. We could “build quality”
by developing a support system in the education process that would
reduce the high percentage of teachers that leave the profession within the
first five years.
Another current trend in education is that of developing
punitive teacher evaluation systems.
While there is a need to evaluate teachers, the current trends seem to
be ignoring Deming’s seventh and eighth principles. Number seven being “the aim of supervision
should be to help people and machines and gadgets do a better job” and number
eight being “drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for
the company”. Instead of using a system
to help teachers improve their craft, many new teacher evaluation systems
tend to be pitting school administrators against the teachers and putting fear into teachers of losing their job.
In addition the current teacher evaluation systems violate
one of Deming’s “Seven Deadly Diseases” that being “Evaluation by performance, merit rating, or annual review of
performance”. Again, if we “built quality” into the teacher development process
there would not be such a great need for the current teacher evaluation
systems.
Deming’s ninth principal “break down barriers between
departments” is also often ignored in the secondary level of schools. Too often curriculum is taught in a vacuum which makes it
difficult to provide give meaning to learning and interdisciplinary
collaboration between teachers is not encouraged or supported in most schools.
Furthermore, Deming’s ideas included his list of "A
Lesser Category of Obstacles". On
that list are many ideas that schools should pay attention to including:
- · Not relying on technology to solve problems.
- · Not seeking examples to follow rather than developing solutions
- · Not placing blame on workforces (teachers) who are only responsible for 15% of problems where the system designed by management (politicians) is responsible for 85% of the unintended consequences.
Deming during his lifetime did not seem to comment much on
education but in this one interview
he did share his views for reforming and improving education. In that interview he made three particular points
that seem to stand out people in the education reform movement seem to be
overlooking:
- · Quality goes down when ranking people.
- · Cramming facts into students’ heads is not learning.
- · People talk about getting rid of deadwood (bad teachers), but there are only two possible explanations of why the dead wood exists: 1) You hired deadwood in the first place, or, 2) you hired live wood, and then you killed it.
Our country has attempted to fix education with
recommendations beginning in 1983 in reaction to the “A Nation At Risk”
report, in the 1990’s with “Goals2000”, with “NoChild Left Behind” in 2001, and in 2009 with the “Race To The Top” initiative.
None of these fixes considered the
quality ideas of Edwards Deming . If we continue to ignore such quality ideas
such as Deming’s, we will never truly succeed in meeting the challenges that
education reforms in the 21st century present.
